Colonialism Reiterated: The Racialised Division of Labour in Higher Education and Beyond

Authors

Abstract

This article takes up the invitation to imagine a decolonised performance studies by turning its attention to the legal and material conditions, institutions, and practices on which the work of study rests. Drawing on performance studies’ theorisations of the affixive ‘re,’ we define colonialism’s “reiteration” as an unfinished modulation across time and space, rather than a linear or finite trajectory. Aligned with thinkers who address decolonisation as a specifically material project, we thus argue that any attempt to epistemologically “decolonise” performance studies must first confront the reiterations of colonialism that undergird academic labour today. Specifically, we turn to the racialised division of labour—as it is reinforced globally by migration law and border control—as a key site at which colonial histories continue to shape scholarly practice. Moving between three key sites—Kuwait, Singapore, and the United Kingdom—we argue that higher education should be seen not as a neutral register for skill and qualification, but as an industry with a vested interest in disguising racialised hierarchies of migrant labour. On this basis, we end by proposing an activism that attempts to break with the normative, racialised division of labour among university workers.

Author Biographies

Faisal Hamadah, Maastricht University

Faisal Hamadah (PhD) is an Assistant Professor of Postcolonial Studies and Transnationalism at Maastricht University. He is scholar of the Middle East whose work deals with the cultural, political and economic history of the region. He received his PhD in 2020 from the Department of English and Drama at Queen Mary University. He is interested in how states, capital, and labor constitute the history of the Gulf states in the 20th century, and publishes on migration, cultural history, political ecology, and state capitalism.

Ella Parry-Davies, King's College London

Ella Parry-Davies is a practitioner-researcher working on feminist approaches to labour and migration, recently specifically focussing on facilitating co-creative research with migrant domestic workers. She is Lecturer in Theatre, Performance and Critical Theory at King's College London, and previously was a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow at the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, and a Visiting Scholar at De La Salle University Manila. She co-convenes the PSi working group on Performance and Critical Social Praxis, and is a co-founder of the research collective After Performance.

References

Ahmed, Sara. The Cultural Politics of Emotion. Edinburgh University Press, 2004.

AlShehabi, Omar Hesham. “Policing Labour in Empire: The Modern Origins of the Kafala Sponsorship System in the Gulf Arab States.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 48, 2019, pp. 291–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2019.1580183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2019.1580183

Arora, Swati. “A manifesto to decentre theatre and performance studies.” Studies in Theatre and Performance, vol. 41, no. 1, 2021,

pp. 12-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/14682761.2021.1881730 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14682761.2021.1881730

Braude, Richard. “Crisis in the Cleaning Sector.” Mute, 2013, http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/crisis-cleaning-sector.

Chong, Terence. “Manufacturing Authenticity: The Cultural Production of National Identities in Singapore.” Modern Asian Studies, vol. 45, no. 4, 2011, pp. 877–97. doi:10.1017/S0026749X09000158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X09000158

El-Enany, Nadine. (B)ordering Britain: Law, Race and Empire. Manchester University Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526145437 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526145437

Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. 1963. Grove Press, 2021.

Gopinathan, S., and Michael H. Lee. “Challenging and Co-Opting Globalisation: Singapore’s Strategies in Higher Education.” Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, vol. 33, no. 3, 2011, pp. 287–99. doi:10.1080/1360080X.2011.565001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2011.565001

Hamid, Wajihah, and Dylan Tutt. “‘Thrown Away like a Banana Leaf’: Precarity of Labour and Precarity of Place for Tamil Migrant Construction Workers in Singapore.” Construction Management and Economics, vol. 37, no. 9, 2019, pp. 513–36. doi:10.1080/01446193.2019.1595075. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2019.1595075

Holden, Philip. “A Building with One Side Missing: Liberal Arts and Illiberal Modernities in Singapore.” Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, vol. 33, no. 1, 2018, pp. 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1355/sj33-1a DOI: https://doi.org/10.1355/sj33-1a

International Facts and Figures 2021. Universities UK International, 2022. https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/universities-uk-international/insights-and-publications/uuki-publications/international-facts-and-figures-2021.

Iskander, Natasha. Does Skill Make Us Human? Migrant Workers in 21st-Century Qatar and Beyond. Princeton University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691217581 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691217581

Johnson, Jo, et al. The China Question: Managing Risks and Maximising Benefits from Partnership in Higher Education and Research. King’s College London Policy Institute, 2021.

Koh, Aaron. “Imagining the Singapore ‘Nation’ and ‘Identity’: The Role of the Media and National Education.” Asia Pacific Journal of Education, vol. 25, no. 1, 2005, pp. 75–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188790500032566 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02188790500032566

Langenbach, Ray, and Paul Rae. “‘Say As I Do’: Performance Research in Singapore.” Contesting Performance: Global Sites of Research, edited by Jon McKenzie et al., Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, pp. 136–52. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230279421_9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230279421_9

Mabasa, Khwezi. “Racial Capitalism: Marxism and Decolonial Politics.” Marxism and Decolonization in the 21st Century, edited by Sabelo Ndlovu-Gatsheni and Morgan Ndlovu, Routledge, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003148302-14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003148302-14

McKenzie, Jon, et al. “Introduction: Contesting Performance in an Age of Globalization.” Contesting Performance: Global Sites of Research, edited by Jon McKenzie et al., Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

Ministry of Manpower (MOM). “Foreign Workforce Numbers.” https://www.mom.gov.sg/documents-and-publications/foreign-workforce-numbers.

Ministry of Manpower (MOM). “Key Facts on Employment Pass.” https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/key-facts

Ng, Pak Tee. “The Global War for Talent: Responses and Challenges in the Singapore Higher Education System.” Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, vol. 35, no. 3, 2013, pp. 280–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2013.786859 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2013.786859

Platt, Maria, et al. “Debt, Precarity and Gender: Male and Female Temporary Labour Migrants in Singapore.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 43, no. 1, 2017, pp. 119–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2016.1218756 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2016.1218756

Pustelnikovaite, Toma. “Locked Out, Locked in and Stuck: Exploring Migrant Academics’ Experiences of Moving to the UK.” Higher Education, vol. 82, no. 4, 2021, pp. 783–797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00640-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00640-0

Rajaratnam, S. Singapore: Global City. Singapore Ministry of Culture, 1972.

Roach, Joseph. Cities of the Dead: Circum-Atlantic Performance. Columbia University Press, 1996.

Sai, Siew-Min. “Educating Multicultural Citizens: Colonial Nationalism, Imperial Citizenship and Education in Late Colonial Singapore.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 44, no. 1, 2013, pp. 49–73. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463412000616 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463412000616

Scape. “About Scape UK: Our Story.” https://www.scape.com/en-uk/about-scape/meet-the-team.

Schechner, Richard. Between Theatre and Anthropology. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985. https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812200928 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812200928

Schneider, Rebecca. Performing Remains: Art and War in Times of Theatrical Reenactment. Taylor & Francis, 2011.

Sharma, Nandita. Home Rule: National Sovereignty and the Separation of Natives and Migrants. Duke University Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781478002451 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478002451

Taylor, Diana. The Archive and the Repertoire: Performing Cultural Memory in the Americas. Duke University Press, 2003. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smz1k DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smz1k

Toscano, Alberto. “Dirty deportation tactics at Soas.” The Guardian, 17 June 2009. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/libertycentral/2009/jun/17/soas-cleaners

Tuck, Eve, and K. Wayne Yang, “Decolonization is not a metaphor.” Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society, vol. 1, no. 1, 2012, pp.1-40.

Vergès, Françoise. A Decolonial Feminism. Translated by A. J. Bohrer, Pluto Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1k531j6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1k531j6

Vora, Neha, and Amélie Le Renard. “Who is ‘Indian’ in the Gulf? Race, Labour and Citizenship.” Middle East Research and Information Project, no. 229, 2021. https://merip.org/2021/06/who-is-indian-in-the-gulf-race-labor-and-citizenship/.

Walia, Harsha. Border & Rule: Global Migration, Capitalism, and the Rise of Racist Nationalism. Haymarket Books, 2021.

Wee, Lionel. “Language Politics and Global City.” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, vol. 35, no. 5, 2014, pp. 649–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2014.922740 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2014.922740

Yu, Jiancun, and Yongwen Peng. “Richard Schechner and Performance Studies in China.” The Rise of Performance Studies: Rethinking Richard Schechner’s Broad Spectrum, edited by James M. Harding and Cindy Rosenthal. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230306059_7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230306059_7

Downloads

Published

2023-06-19